how should you approach a controlled intersection?

All opinions are my own. ", Why did you turn and go that way? Section 7: Laws and Rules of the Road - California DMV It can include physical or sexual violence, threats of either, emotional abuse, and stalking. She explains that because narcissists are continually disappointed with the imperfect way life unfolds, they try to control it as much as possible. T Intersections: Right of Way Rules and Road Signs - ePermitTest.com Signal phase Answers: A signal phase is the signal combinations in a signal controller that controls a group of traffic movement off and on. Generally, the right-of-way is determined by the order of arrival to the intersection and relative positions of vehicles on the road. Intimidation can take several different forms. Its a pattern of abusive controlling behavior that can turn violent. If you arrive at the same time as another car, the car on the . The video is humorous to watch, but it shows a valid point that uncontrolled intersections can indeed work and are quite efficient. They might even hide or throw away things that are important to you, such as hobby supplies or a favorite piece of clothing. In Emotional Freedom I discuss how to deal with different kinds of draining people to avoid getting fatigued, sick, or burned out. Right of Way: Driving Straight If you drive on a straightaway without lights, intersections, or crosswalks, you have the right of way. However if your boss responds, I didnt say to do this. It may be exhausting and at times overwhelming. They may feel, If you want something done right, you have to do it yourself. Personally, I can relate to this, though Im getting better at delegating. They might have had chaotic childhoods, alcoholic parents, or experienced early abandonment, making it hard to trust or relinquish control to others, or to a higher power. Be healthily assertive rather than controlling. Analyze the intersection assuming D/D/1 queueing by describing the proportion of the cycle with a queue, the maximum number of vehicles in the queue, the total and average delay, and the maximum delay. Where is the tallest General Electric Building located? An approach at a pretimed signalized intersection has an arrival rate of 500 veh/hr and a saturation flow rate of 3000 veh/hr. The design is required by the city to be a three-phase cycle with leading left turn and no overlap. Controllers are often perfectionists. ?-> :. Delay is broken into two parts: uniform delay, which is the delay that would occur if the arrival pattern were uniform, and overflow delay, caused by stochastic variations in the arrival patterns, which manifests itself when the arrival rate exceeds the service flow of the intersection for a time period. For the controlling person, a boundary is a hindrance to their need for control. The time length between the starting of the phase to it apears again. Sarfarazi MP. A controlling person may seem unreasonably jealous about the other people in your life, even close family members and other platonic relationships. For LOS, the performance measured used is average control delay per vehicle. Gaslighting is a form of manipulation where a person tries to convince you that you're overreacting or imagining problems that aren't there. judith@judithorloff.com Speak up, but dont tell them what to do. . 4. Try the caring, direct . Once the good deed is done, this person may repeatedly bring it up, remind you that you "owe them," and let it hang over your head. They are highly manipulative. Rachel Wright, LMFT, is a psychotherapist recognized as one of the freshest voices on modern relationships, mental health, and sex. For example, she says, you could say something along the lines of When you text me constantly while I'm out with my friends, I feel like you don't trust me. . What is poor man and the rich man declamation about? They are often unpredictable. Make sure to watch for signs that a person's controlling behavior has transitioned into abuse. Several things can drive controlling behavior. Traffic control devices. Improving your personal boundaries and keeping supportive people close by can help. Does this person keep claiming to know whats best for you? How co2 is dissolve in cold drink and why? Look for clues of traffic coming as you approach the intersection - for example you might . The need for adequate sight distance at an intersection is best illustrated by a quote from the Green Book: "The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection should have an unobstructed view of the entire intersection, including any traffic-control devices, and sufficient lengths along the intersecting highway to permit the driver to . Some controllers have a machismo drive to be top dog in both business and personal mattersa mask for their feelings of inadequacy and lack of inner power. "Let's say a female partner didn't get off and grabs her vibrator," she explains. Whether spouting unsolicited advice on how you can lose weight or using anger to put you in your place, their comments can range from irritating to abusive. Pretimed intersections have a fixed cycle length. Deep down, theyre afraid of falling apart, so they micromanage to bind anxiety. If po and is intersect to form four right angles, which statement is true? The traffic light is green and you want to drive straight through. Another control tactic some people will use is doing nice things for others but only so those people are indebted to them, Richmond notes. How should you approach a controlled intersection? They can be intimidating, overbearing, and domineering in their efforts to get their way by manipulating others. Most important, always take a consistent, targeted approach. What are some ways to earn free money online? Advertisement. However, they may increase delay during the off-peak period and increase the probability of certain accidents, such as rear-end collisions. If you have experienced threats, intimidation, isolation, or ridicule from your partner, you may be experiencing abuse. She received her bachelor's in broadcasting and mass communication from State University of New York at Oswego, and lives in Buffalo, New York. Describe the differences between a pre-time signal and a traffic-actuated signal. Controllers are always looking for a power struggle, so try not to sweat the small stuff. Often, controlling behavior is the result of a mental condition that causes a person to have abnormal social expectations. The inherent lost time that comes from each signal change is wasted time that does not occur when intersections are uncontrolled. cslewispublicity@gmail.com, Copyright 2023 Judith Orloff MD. 1 , A ,. C. You are also asked to develop an alternative design for this intersection because the city received complaints of too much travel delay at this intersection. Yield to any vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians in the intersection. They may not trust anyone else to handle things the way they will., Controlling behaviors can also be a symptom of several personality disorders, such ashistrionic p ersonality,borderline personality, andnarcissistic personality. 2. They will try to deny your reality by lying about their behavior or yours. \[P_s=\frac{\lambda(r+t_C)}{\lambda(r+g)}=\frac{r+t_c}{C}=P_q\], \[P_s=\frac{\lambda(r+t_C)}{\lambda(r+g)}=\frac{\mu t_C}{\lambda C}=\frac{t_C}{\rho C}\]. By taking the derivative and setting it equal to zero, the minimum effective red time can be calculated. Controlling Behavior: Signs and How to Respond - Verywell Health They may refuse to back down even after you make it clear you disagree with them. \(d=d_1(PF)+d_2+d_3=17.39(1)+4.83+0=22.22s\). Then make the subject off limits. Then, scan all areas a car could come from. Manipulation is one of the key components of controlling people, because manipulating others gives them a sense of power and control. Theyll control you by invalidating your emotions if those dont fit into their rulebook. Connect with Judith onFacebook,Twitter and Instagram. For someone who has "control issues" or a fear of the unknown, they often don't trust themselves or feel secure enough to meet any challenge or tolerate an unknown situation. The plan includes info about you and your life that could make you safer at home and other places you go each day. What is the word that goes with a public officer of a town or township responsible for keeping the peace? They want to control access to money as a way of controlling what you do., One of the most intrusive ways someone may try to control you is by controlling your movements. A modern roundabout is a circular intersection where drivers travel counterclockwise around a center island. Real 2023 DMV Questions - DMV Written Test Do you feel like youre held prisoner to this persons rigid sense of order? 2009 - 2023 mindbodygreen LLC. 8 ., -! What can I do? Controlling behavior becomes abusive when it is coercive (threatening). If they have done something for you, you'll be reminded and they may use guilt to get what they want from you. The NB and SB directions also share cycle times, with volumes of 300 and 250 veh/h, respectively. 3. This equation calculates the minimum cycle length necessary for the intersection to operate at an acceptable level, but it does not necessarily minimize the average vehicle delay. Focus on high-priority issues that you really care about rather than bickering about putting the cap on the toothpaste. Various models of intersection delay at isolated intersections have been put forward, combining queuing theory with empirical observations of various arrival rates and discharge times (Webster and Cobbe 1966; Hurdle 1985; Hagen and Courage 1992). The first determines the proportion of cycle with a queue. Controlling Behavior: 7 Signs To Look For - WebMD Even if youre not sure whether youre in a violent controlling relationship, you can call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-SAFE (1-800-799-7233). They will use a technique known as projection to shift the blame back to you. No one likes to admit they made a mistake, but people who are controlling seem incapable of admitting fault. Controlling behavior crosses the line into abuse when it results in the other person feeling afraid and intimidated. d_1 can be thought of as the baseline for the intersection. Always remember - SAFETY FIRST! Research has also shown excessive jealousy is often linked to narcissism1which brings us to our next point. You can also chat online with someone whos trained to help. For example, she says, if you're out to dinner with your friends and your partner keeps texting "Where are you? It may be as petty as accusing you of distracting them when they made a mistake., If you have a victory, no matter how small, you can count on the controlling person in your life to try to upstage you. Let cross-traffic proceed. If not, and they continue to disrespect your boundaries, it's probably best to walk away. Making you fear for your safety, or the safety of loved ones or other people you know. Controlling behavior and manipulation are toxic and don't align with what open and honest communication is all aboutwhich is necessary for a healthy relationship. In the case of a controlling friend, Richmond says, many of the aforementioned principles apply: finding a time to talk and expressing your honest concerns. Uncontrolled intersections Controlling behavior in someone else can make you feel angry or embarrassed or even create feelings of inferiority and despair. You can contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline for help. If you point out something they have done, they may project it back on to you. Therefore, it is a crucial part of Illinois adult online Modern (New) Psychology 101 Series. a. They may intimidate you, keep you isolated, threaten you with violence, or terrorize you with actual violence. In order to assess the performance of a signalized intersection, a qualitative assessment called Level of Service (LOS) is assessed, based upon quantitative performance measures. To drive safely in these intersections, you need to know what the signals and signs mean, and also the right-of-way rules. We have yet to find a 7-way intersection, but believe that it must exist somewhere. For example, a controlling parent may withhold love as a control tactic. Students also will learn about yielding the right of way and judging gaps. Other intersection control strategies include signs (stop and yield) and roundabouts. Using this form of queuing with an arrival rate \(\lambda\) and a departure rate \(\mu\), certain useful values regarding the consequences of queues can be computed. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. In this video, I go over the basics of approaching a controlled intersection while driving. Use the OASIS software at the STREET website to study how signals change when given information about time-dependent vehicle arrivals. This is called a "max out". If you non-defensively offer your reasoning about the additions, youll be more readily heard. These disorders can only be diagnosed by a licensed health care professional., Sometimes controlling behavior is simply an annoying trait, but it may cross the line into abusive behavior. Whats most infuriating about these people is that they usually dont see themselves as controllingonly right. The right-of-way rule states that the through . Turning right: Always check for pedestrians crossing . I don't know why you have to start a fight when everything is fine. Traffic signals provide orderly movement of intersection traffic, have the ability to be flexible for changes in traffic flow, and can assign priority treatment to certain movements or vehicles, such as emergency services. A controlling person might tell you how to dress or criticize your appearance. Intersections with high volumes may be grade separated. Use the following methods from Emotional Freedom to deal with controllers, Emotional Action Step. Turning left: Check for pedestrians. How the coil springs look like as you move it back and forth.? Adapted from Dr. Judith Orloffs New York Times Bestseller, Emotional Freedom: Liberate Yourself From Negative Emotions and Transform Your Life (Three Rivers Press, 2011). Send me a picture so I can see where you are," that's definitely controlling. How to Spot Its Common Signs, Understanding Cutting and How to Find Help, How to Tell If You Have Abandonment Issues, Personality correlates of intimate partner violence subtypes: A latent class analysis. For example, they may cause you to feel guilty for how you spend your time, such as with friends instead of with them. Its important to identify if you are dealing with a controller. These people obsessively try to dictate how youre supposed to be and feel. The EB and WB traffic volumes are 900 and 800veh/h, and the two movements share the same effective green and effective red portions of cycles. Slowing down is important even if there are no other cars in sight. Intersections are oftentimes classified by the type of traffic control device that controls the intersection. Someone who talks down to you in front of others is using a form of intimidation. Is Your Healthcare Provider Bullying You During Appointments? Conventional psychiatry classifies extreme cases as Obsessive Compulsive Disorderpeople are rigidly preoccupied with details, rules, lists, and dominating others at the expense of flexibility and openness. You can call, chat, or text this hotline for support. As therapist Tiana Leeds, M.A., LMFT, previously explained to mbg,"Ending the friendship may be as simple as no longer initiating contact or plans as frequently and allowing the connection to naturally fade. Additionally, when improperly configured, driver irritation can become an issue. So, in order to regain some sense of security, they exercise their will in any way they can. You may be in an abusive relationship if your partner isolates you from family and friends anduses different tactics to wear you down,so that its easier to give in than to argue with them. Why don't signalized intersections perform more efficiently than uncontrolled intersections? If youre in danger now, call 911 right away. Stalk you and keep a close eye on where you go . Controllers often start sentences with, You know what you need?then proceed to tell you. ", Gaslighting, or making someone question their own experience by denying or deflecting, is another way a controlling person will try to manipulate another. You also will learn ho-7 to interact safely with other roadway use at intersections. Richmond says this can look like dictating what's purchased, dictating a budget, and/or being overly critical about another person's purchases. With knowledge of cycle lengths, lost times, and v/s ratios, the degree of saturation for an intersection can be found. { "6.01:_Shockwaves" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "6.02:_Traffic_Signals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "6.03:_Traffic_Control_Devices" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "6.04:_Metering_and_Analogs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "01:_Introduction_and_Planning" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "02:_Planning_Models" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "03:_Modeling_Methods" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "04:_Transit" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "05:_Traffic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "06:_Traffice_Control" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "07:_Geometric_Design" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass230_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "authorname:wikitransportation", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Transportation" ], https://eng.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Feng.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FCivil_Engineering%2FFundamentals_of_Transportation%2F06%253A_Traffice_Control%2F6.02%253A_Traffic_Signals, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Flash animation: Signal Phasing (by Karen Dixon and Thomas Wall of Oregon State University), Flash animation: Signal Progression (by Karen Dixon and Thomas Wall of Oregon State University), David Levinson, Henry Liu, William Garrison, Mark Hickman, Adam Danczyk, Michael Corbett, Brendan Nee. Karen Dixon and her students, source@https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Transportation, \(\rho\) = Arrival Rate divided by Departure Rate, \(P_q\) = Proportion of cycle with a queue, \(d\) = Average Signal Delay per vehicle (sec), \(d_1\) = Average Delay per vehicle due to uniform arrivals (sec) (equivalent to \(D_T\) in previous section), \(d_2\) = Average Delay per vehicle due to random arrivals (sec), \(d_3\) = Average delay per vehicle due to initial queue at start of analysis time period (sec), \(T\) = Duration of Analysis Period (in hours), \(k\) = Delay Adjustment Factor that is dependent on signal controller mode, \(I\) = Upstream filtering/metering adjustment factor, \(d_A\) = Average Delay per vehicle for approach A (sec), \(d_i\) = Average Delay per vehicle for lane group i on approach A (sec), \(v_i\) = Analysis flow rate for lane group i, \(Y_c\) = Sum of Flow Ratios for Critical Lane Groups, \((v/s)_{ci}\) = Flow Ratio for Critical Lane Group i, \((t_L)_{ci}\) = Total Lost Time for Critical Lane Group i, \(C_{min}\) = Minimum necessary cycle length, \(X_c\) = Critical v/c ratio for the intersection, \(v/s)_{ci}\) = Flow Ratio for Critical Lane Group, \(\rho\) - Arrival Rate divided by Departure Rate, \(P_q\) - Proportion of cycle with a queue, \(d\) - Average Signal Delay per vehicle (sec), \(d_1\) - Average Delay per vehicle due to uniform arrivals (sec), \(d_2\) - Average Delay per vehicle due to random arrivals (sec), \(d_3\) - Average delay per vehicle due to initial queue at start of analysis time period (sec). If you reach an impasse, agree to disagree. An anxiety disorder, for example, may lead to controlling behavior. The traffic demand has changed so significantly that, as a city traffic engineer, you are asked to develop a new signal design at this intersection for the NEXT YEAR. This lane group is called the Critical Lane Group. If I had my time to go over, I would have checked all that out before I got involved with them on a person or social level. Can we see pic of female inserting a tampon? Coercive control is when someone -- usually an intimate partner like a dateor a current or former spouse -- tries to dominate your life. They may not be aware they are exhibiting this behavior, which often stems from their own anxiety. From this, maximum delay for any vehicle can be found. Drivers entering the roundabout yield to traffic already in the roundabout, then enter the circulating roadway and exit at their desired street, so they function . This lane group has the highest traffic intensity (v/s) and the allocation of green time for each phase is based on this ratio. What does it mean to call a minor party a spoiled? A controlled intersection is one that has signs or traffic lights telling you what to do. If you are trying to get out of a controlling relationship with an intimate partner, it's important to first assess your safety. You will need to search the left- front, front, a right-front zones to be certain that they are open. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. New York DMV | Chapter 5: Intersections and Turns Use this with good friends or others whore responsive to feedback. Here are some ways to cope with the controlling people in your life: A partner with controlling behaviors may say things that negate you or dismiss your reality and perceptions. The power of empathy & intuition will open your heart and empower your life. It describes proper searching techniques and judgments involving time, space, and distance related to intersections and railroad crossings. She adds that it can be scary, but it's "exactly what the child needs to do in order to break free from this dysfunctional pattern. Here's why some people are controlling, behaviors to look out for, and how to deal with any controlling people in your life. Most important, always take a consistent, targeted approach. For instance, if someone dominates conversations, sensitively say, I appreciate your comments but Id like to express my opinions too. The person may be unaware that he or she is monopolizing the discussion, and will gladly change. Must treat the intersection as if it is controlled by a stop sign. Under which circumstance a pre-timed signal design can be used for a traffic-actuated signal? If the controlling behavior comes to a point in which you feel fearful, threatened, or intimidated, you may be dealing with abuse. Limited research suggests that compared with women who don't use hormonal birth control, those who do are more likely report feeling depressed, anxious, and angry. It doesn't matter where the vehicle is located or what direction it is traveling, this rule will always apply when someone has clearly arrived at the stop sign first. Her latest journal is Affirmations for Empaths. When you encounter an uncontrolled intersection, reduce your speed. Legal. | Privacy Policy. They may constantly ask where you've been or who you're planning to see, or become upset when you spend time with someone else. Please remove it, you must defer because of the built-in status difference in the relationship. If you ever feel unsafe due to someone else's behavior, trust your gut and remove yourself from the situation as quickly as possible. If not, you can create some space or choose to end the friendship entirely. . The goal is to keep you guessing and focused on them., Controlling people want to control your reality. This means that you do not have to stop for cars entering the roadway. Often, when controlling people ask about your life, they will quickly redirect the conversation back to themselves. The other directions effective red time, and the effective green times for each directions can then be calculated by using the two above equations involving the cycle length. Come to a complete stop at the stop line or, if there is no stop line, prior to the crosswalk and before entering the intersection. Controlling people often insist everyone do things their way, even when it comes to small issues that are a matter of personal choice. Driving through intersections | Safe and Responsible Driving How should you approach a controlled intersection? This does not apply if you are turning left or right. Repetition is key. Right of Way in Every (Driving) Situation - DefensiveDriving.org Several strategies for allocating green time exist. Process of transferring data to a storage medium? 3 AADT (Average Annual Daily Traffic) data on a single intersection between an arterial street (East-West) and a minor street (North-South) has been collected for the current year. \(C_{min}=\frac{L*X_c}{X_c- \sum_{i=1}^n Y_i}=\frac{15*0.9}{[0.9-(2(0.3))]}=45s\), \(C_{opt}=\frac{[(1.5L)+5]}{\left( 1.0- \sum_{i=1}^n Y_i \right)}=\frac{1.5(15)+5}{1.0-2(0.3)}=68.75s\). L.*#: ,.! Once you determine the severity of the behavior, you can decide how to handle it., If the controlling behavior is mild, it can help to discuss it with the offender. An uncontrolled intersection is a road intersection with no traffic light or road signs to indicate the right-of-way. In healthy relationships, boundaries between two people are respected and valued. There are not traffic signals or stop signs in a modern roundabout. The secret to success is never try to control a controller When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. If you purchase something mentioned in this article, we may. Here are some examples of controlling behavior. Uncontrolled Intersections & Right-Of-Way Rules: Who Yields? Knowing how they operate will let you choose how to interact with them. \(d_1=\frac{0.5C \left(1-\frac{g}{C} \right)^2}{1- \left[min(1,X) \frac{g}{C} \right]}=\frac{0.5(60) \left( 1-\frac{20}{60} \right)^2}{1- \left[ min(1,0.7) \frac{20}{60} \right]}=17.39s\), \(d_2=900T \left[ (X-1)+\sqrt{(X-1)^2+\frac{8kIX}{cT}} \right]=900(0.25) \left[(0.7-1)+ \sqrt{(0.7-1)^2+\frac{8(0.5)(1)(0.7)}{840(0.25)}} \right]=4.83s\). At an intersection where certain approaches are denied movement, queuing will inherently occur. Can't you take a joke? This page titled 6.2: Traffic Signals is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by David Levinson et al.

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