Why? Other variations over the last 200300 years are thought to be much smaller than this.[4]. c) on orbits that cross Earths orbit A spinning neutron star has been observed at the center of a _________. If the sun's core suddenly shrank a little bit, what would happen in the sun? Where would a brown dwarf be located on an H-R diagram? What is the common trait of all main sequence stars? c) increase from upper left to lower right c) weak force d) remain stationary b) They always have a tail (until they run out of material). b) They are in the final stage of their lives. The sun's surface, as we see it with our eyes, is called the _________. a) an A star What is the typical size of comets that enter the inner solar system? the spectral type of a star can be used to determine its distance. a) gas from the early solar system The source of energy that keeps the sun shining today is __________. c) The Suns core would reach a new equilibrium at a higher temperature. If a ring particle survived for the age of the solar system, how many collisions would it undergo? Watts What is the average temp of the SURFACE of the Sun? b) If the fusion rate initially increases, then the core expands. a) Io is located very close to Jupiter c) Io has a different internal heat source. d) With each subsequent peak in the number of sunspots, the magnetic polarity of the Sun is the reverse of the previous peak. b) there was too much rocky material to form a terrestrial planet, but not enough gaseous material to form a jovian planet Which of the following phenomena is not commonly associated with the star formation process? To measure the brightness or luminosity (also called as radiant power) of a star, astronomers use the Sun's own level of luminosity as their point of comparison. b) Rhea Consider the two in a race around Saturn: In one Prometheus orbit, how far behind is Pandora (in units of time)? a) gravitational force and surface tension The star is a member of a binary star system. Fusion reactions in the Sun have ceased within the past few minutes. c) photosphere. Kentucky . Question: What is meant by the luminosity of the Sun? - Chegg c) More massive stars live much shorter lives than less massive stars. Which of the following statements about brown dwarfs is not true? Suppose a star has a luminosity of 5.010^29 watts and an apparent brightness of 6.010^15 watt/m^2 . a) newtons b) watts c) kilograms d) joules. b) calculate the stars luminosity if we know its distance, or calculate its distance if we know its luminosity c) If the fusion rate initially decreases, then the core contracts. Radiation Zone, Corona Chromosphere Photosphere Convection Zone Radiation Zone Core. b) hydrogen compound ices. The amount of energy released by fusion in the Suns core equals the amount of energy radiated from the Suns surface into space. It is defined as the amount of energy that the Sun emits in one second. By looking for the splitting of spectral lines in the Sun's spectrum. b) accretion A) The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises B) The Sun maintains a steady temperature C) There is another way of stating that the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion When a star contracts in size, gravitational potential energy is converted to thermal energy. d) by measuring its mass and radius, b) by comparing its brightness in visible light to its brightness in infrared light, a) gravitational contraction b) A massive planet exerts a tidal force on a moon that causes the moon to obtain the same rotational period as its parent planet. the sunspot cycle in very steady, so that each 11 year cycle is nearly identical to every other 11 year cycle. Pulsars can form only in close binary systems. Why is iron significant to understanding how a supernova occurs? d) electromagnetic force d) Higher temperature would cause the rate of fusion to fall, decreasing the internal pressure and causing the core to collapse until the rate of fusion returned to normal. b) orange The sunspot cycle is very steady, so that each 11-year cycle is nearly identical to every other 11-year cycle. How did astronomers discover the relationship between spectral type & mass for main sequence stars? The entire Earth would end up as a thin layer, about 1 cm thick, over the surface of. Suppose a star has a luminosity of 6.010^26 watts and an apparent brightness of 4.510^12 watt/m^2 . a) determine the distance to the star from its apparent brightness Diameter of the Sun From the distance and measured angular diameter of the Sun (about 0.5 degrees), we can calculate the Sun's diameter Based on the definition of apparent brightness, which units are appropriate for its measurement? b) one year ago. Created by lexi5029 Terms in this set (15) What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? d) are greatest in the lower left and least in the upper right, a) can be estimated for main sequence stars but not for other types of stars. Based on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Suns surface? Where did comets that are now in the Kuiper belt originally form? The phase of matter in the Sun is A) gas. a) Heat is generated when gravity contracts, because gravity is an inverse square law force. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes, but the energy of that light was released by fusion in the solar core about _________. A comets ___________ stretches directly away from the Sun, A comets _______ is the frozen portion of a comet, Particles ejected from a comet can cause a ________ on Earth, The ___________ extends from about beyond the orbit of Neptune to about twice the distance of Neptune from the Sun. d) Individual protons are joined into long chains of protons. A computer accessory salesman attempts to convince you to purchase a "solar neutrino" shield for your new computer. Kentucky unfit parent law. b) An increase in the core radius Solved Estimate how much mass the sun loss though fusion - Chegg b) They block some of the sunlight from the photosphere. As stated earlier, Kentucky K-12 school districts are required to establish Acceptable Use Policies (AUP's) for appropriate technology use which conforms to the provisions of the 1998 Senate Bill 230 and the accompanying Kentucky Administrative Regulation 5:120 (701 KAR 5:120) as well as federal CIPA requirements . c) four individual protons, Scientists estimate the central temperature of the Sun using. e) none of the above. Which statement best describes what was called the solar neutrino problem? It describes how a star with a mass of. How do we think that a star system such as this might have come to exist? They generate energy through hydrogen fusion in their core. (It's even "on sale" !) Which group represents stars that are extremey bright & emit most of their radiation as ultraviolet light? Which cluster on the H-R diagram for a different star cluster is the youngest? Astronomers can measure a stars mass in only certain cases. a star that is still in the process of forming. c) Jupiter and Saturn. a) They are cooler than their surroundings. a) actually dont know whether there really are gaps or not. a) of pressure exerted by the fast-moving charged particles in the solar wind Which of these things poses the greatest hazard to communications satellites? What method is not a way that we can study the inside of the sun? d) 100 million K If the Sun's core suddenly shrank a little bit, what would happen in the Sun? Which of the following correctly compares the Sun's energy generation process to the energy generation process in human-built nuclear power plants? d) Nothing: mass is conserved. How far away is it? During which stage does the star have an inert (non-burning) carbon core surrounded by shells of helium and hydrogen burning? a) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and cool until the fusion rate returned to normal. d) Ios elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter, d) Ios elliptical orbit causes the tidal force on Io to vary as it orbits Jupiter. What can we learn about a star from a life track on an H-R diagram? [3] [4] In SI units, luminosity is measured in joules per second, or watts. According to the inverse square law of light, how will the apparent brightness of an object change if its distance to us triples? c) All probably look much like they did when the solar system first formed. (Hint: If the orbital period of one were 1.5 times the other, we would say that they are in a 3:2 resonance.). Consider all forms of light, but do not consider neutrinos or other particles. Sun's (IAU) luminosity LSun = 3.826X1026 watts. With current technologies and solar collectors on the ground, the best we can hope for is that solar cells will generate an average (day and night) power of about 230watts/m2 . How do you calculate the ideal gas law constant? (Hint: 1 watt = 1 joule/s). c) Europa and Ganymede are unusually large moons c) inside of Jupiters orbit Chromosphere Its apparent brightness will decrease by a factor of 9. d) A massive planet exerts a tidal force on a moon that causes the moon to align itself such that its tidal bulges always point toward and away from the planet. d) sunlight reflects off the comets nucleus, c) sunlight reflects off the comets tail and coma. Approximately how far away would it be, in light-years? use computer models to predict interior conditions. a) the temperature in this portion of the solar nebula was just right to prevent rock from sticking together e) beyond Jupiters orbit. This Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows a group of stars in various stages of their evolution. c) sound waves. The intricate patterns visible in an X-ray image of the Sun generally show _________. d) is farther from Jupiter. In my notation, this is the astronomical unit 1 LAU = 3.826 X 10^26#, Luminosity of the nearest star Proxima Centauri is, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxima_Centauri, 2510 views As the Sun was forming, gravitational contraction increased the Sun's temperature until the core become hot enough for nuclear fusion, which ever since has generated the heat that makes the Sun shine. Therefore: both stars have the same luminosity, but the apparent brightness of Star B is four times that of Star A. a) Tethys Fusion in the Sun's core creates neutrinos. Astronomy Exam 3 - Subjecto.com What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? Consider a large molecular cloud that will give birth to a cluster of stars. e) electromagnetic radiation. c) this is another way of stating that the Sun generates energy by nuclear fusion What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? The axes on a Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram represent _________. d) outside Neptunes orbit a) 10 million K In a binary system with a black hole, the Schwarzschild radius depends on the. We now know of many jupiter-size planets around other stars. Each Voyager spacecraft carries a "postcard" designed to be understandable to any aliens that might someday encounter it. Observations show that elements with atomic mass numbers divisible by 4 (such as oxygen-16, neon-20, and magnesium-24) tend to be more abundant in the universe than elements with atomic mass numbers in between. d) parts of Saturns upper atmosphere being vented into space, c) lots of individual particles of ice and rock. Rank the layers of the Sun based on their density, from highest to lowest. e) spectroscopic imaging. You will learn about your "constitutional rights" throughout this handbook. Which of the following correctly describes how the process of gravitational contraction can make a star hot? b) Earths orbit around the Sun. What additional information, if any, would we need to decide whether these moons experience tidal heating? Each choice below lists a spectral type and luminosity class for a star. e) tidal heating, The four Galilean moons around Jupiter are. It predicted that the Sun could shine for about 25 million years, but geologists had already found that Earth is much older than this. 6,000 K Which is closest to the temp of the CORE of the Sun? Revised Statutes How can we measure the strength of magnetic fields on the Sun? Give your answer in both square meters and square kilometers. (2) The General Assembly may by general law permit charitable lotteries and charitable gift enterprises and, if it does so, it shall: (a) Define what constitutes a charity or charitable organization; (b) Define the types of charitable lotteries and . b) It is about the size of Pluto. Why did the scientists choose pulsars rather than some other type of star? c) 6 H becomes 1 He + energy Suppose our Sun were suddenly replaced by a supergiant star. The interstellar clouds called molecular clouds are _________. Calculate the star's luminosity if we know its distance, or calculate its distance if. c) the widest ring of Saturn, located between two large ring gaps The Solar luminosity is a measure of the total power output of the Sun. may be either a neutron star or a black hole. This orbital resonance causes Io to have a more elliptical orbit than it would otherwise, because __________. a) heat from the Sun causes the comets nucleus to glow a) plasma. Which of the following best describes why a white dwarf cannot have a mass greater than the 1.4-solar-mass limit? Which of these layers of the Sun is coolest? The core would heat up, fusion rates would increase, the core would re-expand. d) The star is a member of a binary star system. a) 4 H becomes 1 He + energy Which of the following must occur for a stars core to reach equilibrium after an initial change in fusion rate? d) Its apparent brightness will increase by a factor of 3. a) Its apparent brightness will decrease by a factor of 9. a) the time between eclipses and the average distance between the stars The largest moon in the solar system is _________. Apparent brightness depends on both luminosity and distance. a) 400 million years e) gravitational contraction of the Sun, a) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation. Why or why not? 6,000 K. . d) All the particles in the rings orbit Saturn with the same orbital period. Why do sunspots appear dark in pictures of the sun? How can we best observe the Sun's chromosphere and corona? a) by where it is located in the asteroid belt The sun will exhaust its nuclear fuel in about __________. watts What is the average temperature of the surface of the sun? What are the "layers" of the sun in the correct order? [1] [2] In astronomy, luminosity is the total amount of electromagnetic energy emitted per unit of time by a star, galaxy, or other astronomical objects. A main-sequence star is hotter and dimmer than it was as a protostar. What was the major drawback of this idea? a) More massive stars live slightly shorter lives than less massive stars. extremely hot plasma flowing along magnetic field lines. e) All rings lie within their planets Roche zone. What is the Cassini division of Saturns rings? More massive stars live much shorter lives than less massive stars. Suppose a star has the same apparent brightness as Alpha Centauri A (2.710^8 watt/m^2) but is located at a distance of 200 lightyears . d) 25 million years. We know that stars are constantly emitting photons in all a) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation Suppose that future observations show that one of these planets has two orbiting moons. a) Higher temperature would cause the rate of nuclear fusion to rise, which would increase the internal pressure, causing the core to expand and cool until the fusion rate returned to normal. b) gravitational contraction Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and sinking of cooler plasma. they actually are fairly bright, but appear dark against the even brighter background of the surrounding photophere. Chapter 11 Reading Quiz Flashcards | Chegg.com b) slower its parallax occurs Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect? 5.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum - Astronomy 2e | OpenStax b) hotter than that of Star B Which of the following best explains why nuclear fusion requires bringing nuclei extremely close together? When assessing a client with partial-thickness burns over 60% of the body, which finding should the nurse report immediately? Which of the following is not a characteristic of the 11-year sunspot cycle? a) The sunspot cycle strongly influences Earths weather. Which group represents stars that have no ongoing nuclear fusion? ", as the sun was forming, gravitational contraction increased the sun's temperature until the core became hot enough for nuclear fusion, which ever since has generated the heat that makes the sun shine. they are all strongly influenced by magnetic fields on the sun. a) Get a camera, and photograph a person who is running back and forth. total amount f of energy emitted in a unit of time. a) 1 light-year a) nuclear fission c) differentiation a) 10 thousand km c) apparent brightness Irradiance is defined as power per unit area, so the solar luminosity (total power emitted by the Sun) is the irradiance received at the Earth (solar constant) multiplied by the area of the sphere whose radius is the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun: Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. c) particles in all the rings hover motionlessly above Saturn They have a tendency to pass through just about any material without any interactions. The vast majority of stars in a newly formed star cluster are _________. c) determine both the stars distance and luminosity from its apparent brightness watts The Sun's surface, as we see it with our eyes, is called the _________. It was important when the Sun was forming from a shrinking interstellar cloud of gas. e) blue. When it comes to child custody in the state, a Kentucky unfit parent law may be able to help you out in making the best decision for your family. b) Europa and Ganymede always pull on Io from the same direction as Jupiter pulls on Io b) mass and radius a) we need to know whether either moon is volcanically active A comet entering the inner solar system from afar will __________. If you are a . Its unit is Watt/meter\[^{2}\]. Suppose that, for some unknown reason, the core of the Sun suddenly became hotter. it was important when the sun was forming from a shrinking interstellar cloud of gas. b) centrifugal forces throw the tail outward as the comet travels around the Sun a) looking for brightness variations as it rotates. c) determining its mass from its gravitational pull on a spacecraft, satellite, or planet. 5 billion years By what process does the Sun generate energy? d) we need to know their orbital periods e) between the orbits of Jupiter and Neptune, c) near the radius at which they orbit today. the diagram shows main-sequence stars of spectral types G, K, and M, along with numerous giants & white dwarfs. What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in. d) Ios unusual, egg-like shape. intense ultraviolet radiation coming from a protostar. Which one is a red. Why is Io more volcanically active than our moon? d) More massive stars live much longer lives than less massive stars. Exam 2 Flashcards | Chegg.com From hottest to coolest, the order of the spectral types of stars is _________. c) Dione If we know the size of an asteroid, we can determine its density by. c) 600 million tons c) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. What mechanism is most responsible for generating the internal heat of Io that drives the volcanic activity? What two physical processes balace eachother to create the condition known as gravitational equilibrium in stars? What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? b) have plotted distributions of the orbital radii of the asteroids. b) Mars and Jupiter. d) Hold up your hand in front of your face, and alternately close your left and right eyes. d) the Sun maintains a steady temperature d) remain stationary. Which is the strongest of the fundamental forces in the universe? Why is Supernova 1987A particularly important to astronomers? photosphere The Sun's average surface (photosphere) temperature is about ______. [3] The major fluctuation is the eleven-year solar cycle (sunspot cycle) that causes a quasi-periodic variation of about 0.1%. The total annual U.S. energy consumption is about 21020 joules. c) ABFGKMO d) comparing its reflectivity to the amount of light it reflects. Chapter 14 and 15 section 1 Astronomy Flashcards | Quizlet b) 6H => 1He + energy C) liquid. a) a few hundred kilometers Suppose that a star had a parallax angle of exactly 1 arcsecond. The primary factor determining whether a white dwarf has an accretion disk is. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Which of the following is a valid way of demonstrating parallax for yourself? Created by gfstern Terms in this set (30) What do we mean when we say that the sun is in gravitational equilibrium? like all other objects, the sun emits thermal radiation with a spectrum that depends on its temperature, and the sun's surface temperature is just right for emitting mostly visible light. b) Its apparent brightness will increase by a factor of 9. b) Particles in the inner rings orbit Saturn at a faster speed than particles in the outer rings. Astronomy 122 Prof. J. Brau Outline The Distances to the Stars (see also Extending the Cosmic Distance Scale) Stellar Motion Stellar Sizes Luminosity and Brightness Temperature and Color The Classification of Stars The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Extending the Cosmic Distance Scale Luminosity Classes Stellar Mass Stellar Lifetime Generally speaking, how does the surface temperature and luminosity of a protostar compare to the surface temperature and luminosity of the main-sequence star it becomes? What are the appropriate units for the sun's luminosity? AS CH 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com Strong evidence both from surface features and magnetic field data support the existence of a subsurface ocean on ________. c) a main-sequence M star. Figure 5.6 Radiation and Earth's Atmosphere. c) The sunspot cycle is the cause of global warming. The fundamental nuclear reaction occurring in the core of the Sun is _________. A) It predicted that the Sun could last only about 25 million years, which is far less than the age of Earth. d) 3.3 light-years. e) It is smaller than any jovian moon. Astronomers can measure a star's mass in only certain cases. c) corona, a) core d) If the fusion rate initially increases, then the core contracts. The solar luminosity ( L ), is a unit of radiant flux ( power emitted in the form of photons) conventionally used by astronomers to measure the luminosity of stars, galaxies and other celestial objects in terms of the output of the Sun . Kentucky is one of the states in the U.S. that allows its parents to claim sole custody, or at least primary custody of their children if that is the case. d) They all have approximately the same mass. d = 2.610^18 km d = 2.710^5 lightyears. b) OBAFGKM the star is a member of an eclipsing binary star system. What are the appropriate units for the Sun's luminosity? the sun's mass is about 300,000 times the mass of the Earth. Scientists call this range the electromagnetic spectrum, which they have divided into a number of categories.
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