From 1559 to 1564, she commissioned Vasari to make a new fresco in her apartments about famous women whose actions, in his words, have equalled or surpassed men, such as Queen Esther, Penelope, and Florentine heroine Gualdrada. [33][19] To improve the family's social status, Lucrezia arranged for her son to marry Clarice Orsini in June 1469. She was the second daughter of the Viceroy of Naples, Don Pedro di Toledo, Marquis of Francavilla, the Emperor Charles Vs senior lieutenant. Through ducal patronage, he was supported in such major projects as the tombs of the Medici popes Leo X and Clement VII (1536 - 41, church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome) and works in . This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. The Cultural World of Eleonora di Toledo: Duchess of Florence and Siena. Cosimo de Medici was the first of the Medici . [9] She also became a good friend of her brother-in-law Giovanni. Lucrezia was born in Florence, Italy on 22 June 1427. They lent a huge sum of money to the king of England, Edward III, who needed to finance the interminable war against France. Lucrezia de' Medici (14 February 1545 21 April 1561) was a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from 1558 to 1561. Creators Nicholas Meyer Frank Spotnitz Stars Daniel Sharman That same morning, she left for Pisa and halfway through, met Cosimo. Pietro (10 August 1546 10 June 1547): Known as "Pedricco". She was the daughter of count of Vernio, Giovanni and Cammilla Pannocchieschi. [7] She had a good relationship with her daughter-in-law Lucrezia Tornabuoni, and she lived with her and her son Piero after her husband's death. Her father was Francesco di Simone Tornabuoni, member of a noble family that could trace its lineage back 500 years. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Contessina_de%27_Bardi&oldid=1157896482, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2023, at 17:23. Eleonora de Medici also known as Eleonora of Toledo was the first wifeofCosimo I de Medici. What did Cosimo really look like? Riccio then added that when Eleanor received letters from her fianc "she took pride in having understood them on her own, without anyone's help." Through her charitable interests, the lot of the peasantry obtained many economical benefits as well.[14]. The refined and stylish artificiality associated with this label can be best appreciated in his 'Allegory'.Bronzino is chiefly famous for his portraits, especially those of Cosimo de' Medici, first Duke of Florence (1537), his wife Eleonora da Toledo (both in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence), their children and members of their court. Nevertheless, attaching people of nobility to products became standard practice among producers. Queen Catherine de' Medici of France (1519-1589) was an Italian noblewoman who was Queen of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife of King Henry II. [15], There are several medals depicting the Duchess of Ferrara: three works by Pastorino dei Pastorini and one by Domenico Poggini. Her father agreed and provided a large amount of money for Eleanor as dowry. Raised in the luxurious courts of Naples, Eleanor purchased the Pitti Palace across the Arno river in 1549 as a summer retreat for the Medici. Antonio (1 July 1548 July 1548): Died in infancy. [39] Lucrezia's poetry work was printed and published four years after she died. This is probably due to the numerous portraits painted of her extravagant dresses and the bad press she received from her Florentine subjects because she was Spanish. Contessina's father, Alessandro de' Bardi arranged the marriage between her and Cosimo. She bought houses, shops, and farms in and around Pisa and Florence. Her sons died before her and within weeks of each other. For the wife of Pietro de' Medici, see, Her husband wasn't elevated to the status of. [5], On 3 June 1444, Lucrezia married Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, son of Cosimo de' Medici, a wealthy banker and statesman from Florence. Married to the intended husband of her elder sister Maria, who died young, her marriage was short and unhappy. lvaro de Ziga y Guzmn, 1st Duke of Bjar (, 12. When she found out, she confronts Lucrezia and Cosimo. [25] On the other hand, this may not have been done out of simple vanity. The Duchess managed and sold her goods wisely, which helped to considerably expand and increase the profitability of the vast Medici estates. So when in the TV series Masters of Florence we see Contessina bravely entering the Palazzo Vecchio on horseback to save her man this is, sadly, pure fantasy. In 1539 Cosimo I married her as part of his policy to strengthen his connections with the Emperor. [7] Her relationship with Piero's sons, Lorenzo di Piero di' Medici and Giuliano di Piero de' Medici, was close from their childhood and allowed her political influence as they became leaders. A young Lucrezia Tornabuoni is portrayed by Valentina Bell in the 2016 television series, Medici: Masters of Florence. [25] She used her own income to provide dowries for women from poor families so that they could marry. This is a portrait of Cosimo I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, at the age of 40. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. They reminisced on the past and shared a few kisses. Her possession of the valuable clay solidified her status as a noblewoman with the power to influence wider medicinal networks of exchange. In 1537, Lorenzino de' Medici murdered Cosimo's predecessor, Alessandro de' Medici , and fled from Florence, leaving the succession to Cosimo. [12] According to Dr. Andrea Pascvali, sent from Florence to the Duchess by her father, her husband continued to be concerned about Lucrezia's state of health during the entire period of her illness. Lucrezia had significant political influence during the rule of her husband and then of her son Lorenzo the Magnificent, investing in several institutions and improving relationships to support the needs of the poor. The young Contessina conserved all the dignity and nobility of her name, even if she didnt offer much by way of dowry. [6] Remembering Eleanor, Cosimo firmly refused the Viceroy's first offer of his eldest and duller daughter, Isabella. Cosimo has nightmares of the deaths of the Albizzi, Contessina wakes him for his night terrors and tries to consul him. He grasps the reed cross held by the infant Saint John, who wears his camel-skin cloak and We do not know who this lady is. [20] In 1450, she and her husband visited Rome for an audience with Pope Nicholas V, who gave them permission to build an altar in their family chapel. Agnolo di Cosimo (called Bronzino) was the leading painter of mid-16th-century Florence. Now that Cosima has emerged as a starbaby favorite, twin brother Cosimo could join her. The kind of housewife who haggled over the price of meat. [3], From childhood, her parents were seeking suitable marriage candidates for their daughters. Eleanora made household medicine political by bartering healthcare for favors both within and outside the court, contributing to the long-established patronage system. She financially supported Cosimo's policies to restore the duchy's independence from foreign lands and helped people unable to gain audiences with the Duke realize that through the Duchess their causes could at least be pleaded. [19] For example, a medicinal clay known as terra sigillata was gifted to Eleanora from Istanbul in 1553. Much like her husband, the Duchess was realistic, practical, and determined, quietly but surely making important actions. 'He married Eleanora de Toledo, daughter of Peter Alvarez de Toledo, Marques de Villa-Franca and Maria Osorio Pimental, on 29 March 1539. He also fathered two sons, one of whom, Giuliano (1453-78) was assassinated. Their first son Pietro was born there the following year. He died in 1464[1] and she remained a point of reference for their grandchildren. She was quickly working on her reading knowledge of Italian, something she probably hadn't been interested in developing while living in a Spanish court. Though she did entertain official guests in her home, and accompanied Cosimo on official occasions. [1][14], A portrait of Lucrezia has survived, now kept in the North Carolina Museum of Art in the city of Raleigh, North Carolina. [5], In 1557, as a sign of reconciliation between Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (who held a pro-French position), and King Philip II of Spain, it was decided that Alfonso d'Este, Hereditary Prince of Ferrara, would marry Maria de' Medici, the eldest daughter of Cosimo I, an ally of Spain. As a result of the death of Giovanni de' Medici in 1429, Cosimo was elected to hold his father's seat in the Signoria of Florence. [3], Around 1415, Contessina de' Bardi married Cosimo de' Medici [3] and they went to live with his parents, Piccarda Bueri and Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici. Her harvests were plentiful and products were shipped as far as Spain. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; Lorenzo de' Medici 8 Episodes 2016. But when his mother-in-law demanded that he come and personally take his wife from the parental home, the Duke of Ferrara had to obey. Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 - 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who established the Medici family as effective rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. [40] She was responsible for the addition of the Chapel of the Visitation in the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence[41] and noted for donating many votive statues of her family to numerous churches. known as Cosimo the Elder, first member of the Medici family, son of actress Marissa Ribisi and singer Beck, The martyred St Cosmas became the patron saint of Milan and therefore made the name well. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; Neil D. Thompson and Charles M. Hansen, "A Medieval Heritage: The Ancestry of Charles II, King of England", This page was last edited on 23 June 2023, at 20:12. Rodrigo Alonso Pimentel y Quiones, 4th Count of Benavente (, 6. [b][1][10][11], Once in Ferrara, the already frail Duchess spent almost all her time in her rooms. The Christ Child removes a garland of flowers from his head, symbolising innocence or childish pleasure. [16] Lucrezia is also the heroine of the dramatic monologue in verse "My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning, first published under the title "Italy" in 1842, and under the more well-known title in 1845. If you only have time to see Florence in a day, you dont want to waste it leafing through a guidebook wondering where to go. [5] Not wanting to antagonize Cosimo though, the Emperor offered him one of the daughters of the rich Viceroy of Naples. Within the year the Medici's were out of Florence, her past love Ezio visited the city. Her father was Francesco di Simone Tornabuoni, member of a noble family that could trace its lineage back 500 years. [6], She survived her husband by about ten years. The bride would provide the Medici with a powerful link to Spain, at that time ultimately in control of Florence, offering the opportunity to show sufficient loyalty and trust to Spain so that its troops would retire from the province. Alfonso d'Este solemnly entered Florence on 18 May 1558. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. The Chianti area stretches between Florence and Siena in central Italy comprising around 12 thousand square kms of natural beauty and imbued with a true sense of tradition. After a short stay in Pisa, the couple left for Florence, stopping for a few days at the Poggio a Caiano.[10]. Lucrezia de' Medici (14 February 1545 - 21 April 1561) was a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from 1558 to 1561. He died in 1429, when Cosimo was 39. In part, the decision of Duchess Eleanor to keep her daughter with her was provoked by the attitude of her son-in-law towards the members of the Medici family. [29], This article is about the wife of Cosimo I de' Medici. [1] Her brother Giovanni became a banker and diplomat. The court decided on exile. According to an oral agreement between him and his father-in-law, which they reached at the conclusion of the marriage contract three days after the wedding, Alfonso left Florence. 13-year-old Eleanor seems not to have attracted much attention, except for the furtive glances of the visiting page Cosimo de' Medici in 1535, when he accompanied his cousin Alessandro, Duke of Florence, on a visit to Naples. Margaret and Elisabeth, sister and daughter, respectively of King Henry II of France, were suggested instead to the Ferrarese court as wives for the hereditary Prince. Eleanor's private chapel in the Palazzo Vecchio was decorated by Bronzino. According to Vasari he is the boy on the steps in his teacher Pontormo's 'Joseph with Jacob in Egypt', also in the National Gallery. Whats more she didnt follow her husband when he happened to be exiled (1433). Her paternal grandparents were the famous Condottiere Giovanni delle Bande Nere and Maria Salviati (granddaughter of Lorenzo the Magnificent). Contessina de' Bardi Contessina de' Bardi (1390-October 1473 [1] ), was an Italian noblewoman from the House of Bardi. According to some experts, it was the work of Bronzino; according to others, was painted by Bronzino's nephew Alessandro Allori. Despite this, after her death, there were rumors that she had been poisoned. [23] Eleanora's name is attached to a popular face tonic made and distributed by the court provisioner Stefano Roselli. However, Maria died shortly thereafter and Lucrezia took her place.[4][6]. The boy Carlo was brought up with his two half-brothers, Piero and Giovanni, and ended up a wealthy religious man. His power derived from his wealth as a banker, and inter-marriage with other powerful and rich families. In May, Florencian agent Jacobo de' Medici was in Naples and informed the ducal secretary, Pierfrancesco Riccio, that "The Lady Duchess says she is happy and filled to the brim with satisfaction, and I want to assure of this." Spanish by birth, and notably pious, Eleonora retained the influences and language of her upbringing throughout her life. See biographies by K. D. Vernon (1899, repr. [24], Lucrezia became well known for giving solid donations to religious convents in order to help widows and orphans. Also find out about his business and patronages in art.. Carlo de' Medici was born as an illegitimate son of Cosimo de' Medici and his Venetian slave mistress Maddalena, after which he was officially adopted by Cosimo's wife Contessina de' Bardi and was raised in the Medici household alongside his half-nephews Lorenzo and Giuliano. [39] Similarly, religious institutions relied on Lucrezia's patronage. [1] The palazzo is now the largest museum complex in Florence as later generations amassed paintings, jewelry, and luxurious possessions. The early Medici court held an account at the Canto del Giglio apothecary for the benefit of its courtiers,[22] which helped secure future political support. According to Vasari he is the boy on the steps in his teacher Pontormo's 'Joseph with Jacob in Egypt', also in the National Gallery. [14] In part, her works were written to inspire and educate her grandchildren. 1393 (during) Cosimo's father inherited his uncle's banking business. [1][6][10][13], Lucrezia was buried in the Corpus Domini Monastery, the ancestral mausoleum of the House of Este in Ferrara. [19] Due to her status as Duchess, Eleanora was exposed to the transnational and international economy of Italy and Europe. Stuart Martin. He also used used his . She was closely associated with many of the major Florentine artists of the period, including Niccol Tribolo, Bronzino, Pierino da Vinci, Cellini himself and Baccio Bandinelli. Cosimo de' Medici (April 10, 1389-August 1, 1464) was a banker and politician in early Renaissance-era Florence. [4] Like Giovanni's marriage to Piccarda, this marriage brought noble connections to the common family of the Medici. [4], Like all children of the Medici Ducal couple, Lucrezia received a good education and was brought up in strict accordance with Spanish court ceremonial, which her mother followed. Part of Eleanor's final will and testament was the creation and funding of the prestigious but exclusive convent Santissima Concezione, the daughter house of one of her favorite convents, Le Murate. The son of Giovanni di Bicci (1360-1429), Cosimo was initiated into affairs of high finance in the . Pedro lvarez Osorio y Enrquez, 1st Count of Lemos (, 7. They had a powerful bank with branches all over Europe that went bankrupt in 1345. Weakened by her pulmonary tuberculosis, Eleanor died after on 17 December, in the presence of her disconsolate husband and a Jesuit confessor. Piero de' Medici 8 Episodes 2016. Her marriage into the House of Medici provided her husband's family with much needed nobility, prestige, and military support as they established their power in Florence. A copy of this painting is kept in the Palazzo Pitti. In her youth, Contessina's quick wit and sharp tongue were considered detriments toward her finding a suitable match. He tells her to leave. Agnolo di Cosimo (called Bronzino) was the leading painter of mid-16th-century Florence. Medici, Cosimo de' Medici, Cosimo de' (kzm) (d mdch, Ital. Contessina de' Bardi was the wife of de Medici. He was the grandson of Caterina Sforza, the Countess of Forl and Lady of Imola. And when the time came for Giovanni de Bicci, the father of Cosimo de Medici, to pick a suitable wife for his son, Contessina de Bardi seemed the perfect choice. She refused Polanco's petition, but later undertook negotiations with Diego Lanez that eventually led to the first Jesuit school in Florence. In 1550, she commissioned and supervised Tribolo to create the Pitti's famous Boboli Gardens, which possess an openness and expansive view unconventional for its time. Portrait of Piero de' Medici ('The Gouty'), Portrait of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany. [a][1][10], Together with her sister Isabella, the new hereditary Princess of Ferrara continued to live in the chambers of the Palazzo Pitti, isolated from the rest of the world. [14][24] Her investments in communities around Florence helped spread the Medici's influence network. When Cosimo returned with the servant girl Maddelena, she questioned her daughter in law, Lucrezia Tornabuoni who she was. She ruled as regent of Florence during his frequent absences: Eleanor ruled during Cosimo's military campaigns in Genoa in 1541 and 1543, his illness from 1544 to 1545, and again at times when the war for the conquest of Siena (15511554). The Signoria was the governmental body of the Republic of Florence and consisted of nine members elected from the guilds of Florence. [29] Despite many Florentine problems having been resolved, conflict with the Medici continued. [15] After Piero took over the government in 1464, his gout kept him confined to bed[16] and thus transformed the couple's bedroom into something resembling a noble court. [5], Together the couple had two sons: Piero the Gouty and Giovanni de' Medici. [42] After she became ill in 1467, she believed her recovery was due to the intercession of Saint Romuald and supported the hermitage that he had founded at Camaldoli from then on.[40]. And the ambassadors who arrived in Florence from Ferrara, who had not yet seen Lucrezia, had heard rumors, deliberately spread around the Ferrara court, as to her plain appearance and poor health. [19], Her proximity to medicine and pharmaceuticals extended to the developing field of cosmetics and beauty. Menu. Konrad Eisenbichler (2004). This medical condition may have caused her much ill health, dental pain, and a poor overall appearance. The couple had eleven children, though only five sons and three daughters reached maturity: Eleanor's high profile in Florence as ducal consort was initially a public relations exercise promoted by her husband, who needed to reassure the public of the stability and respectability of not only his family, but the new reign. Less than a year after her arrival, on 21 April 1561, she died, after suffering a month of fever, severe weight loss, constant coughing and a permanently bleeding nose. Only after the death of Duke Ercole II on 3 October 1559, when Alfonso became Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio under the name of Alfonso II, and his spouse became, accordingly, Duchess consort, did he leave France and come to take her away with him.
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